Palabras clave
construcción del Estado
legitimidad
apropiación local
fracaso
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Resumen
El derrumbe del Estado afgano en agosto de 2021 corroboró que el state-building impulsado por la intervención internacional fracasó en el propósito de generar la legitimidad y apropiación local necesaria para su consolidación y sostenibilidad porque, al quedar la estrategia de state-building subordinada a los intereses de la lucha antiterrorista, las consideraciones de seguridad prevalecieron sobre los objetivos de reconstrucción nacional, crecimiento económico y buena gobernanza. Así, de hecho, la intervención militar y la ayuda financiera internacional contribuyeron a promover un tipo de Estado rentista y patrimonialista, que consagró los intereses de las viejas élites surgidas de la guerra civil y marginó del poder, de los beneficios de la paz y de los bienes públicos a la mayoría de la población y las regiones del país que el nuevo Estado debía proveer.
Citas
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