Palabras clave
Timor Oriental
economía
maldición de los recursos
petróleo y gas
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Resumen
Tras recuperar la independencia en 2002, Timor-Leste estableció un riguroso sistema de gestión de los ingresos y las actividades relacionadas con el petróleo y el gas basado en las mejores prácticas internacionales. Con esto los encargados de formular las políticas esperaban proteger a la pequeña nación de la “maldición de los recursos” que afecta a los países que dependen de la exportación de riquezas no renovables. En cinco años, las exportaciones de petróleo estaban financiando 85% del presupuesto estatal y representaban 75% del PIB. En 2022, con sus reservas conocidas de petróleo y gas casi agotadas, Timor-Leste ha avanzado poco en la diversificación para transitar a una economía sustentable. Este artículo examina lo sucedido e intenta explicar por qué las medidas legales y estructurales bien intencionadas no fueron suficientes para evitar la “paradoja de la abundancia”.
Citas
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