Keywords
Islamic reformism
socialism
liberalism
Marxism
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Abstract
The period of the French protectorate in Tunisia was a crucial historical moment and a cultural melting pot; several domestic and imported ideologies struggled to gain dominance in this intellectual and political milieu. Theories such as salafiyya, Islamic reformism, and pan-Arabism, entered powerfully from predominantly Islamic territories, while European settlers and workers brought with them many leftist ideologies, such as Marxism, anarchism or socialism. This article analyzes Tunisia’s intellectual and political environment during the first half of the French protectorate, paying special attention to these two groups of ideologies.
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