Keywords
Saudi Arabia
oil
regional balance
Arabian/Persian Gulf
How to Cite
-
Abstract394
-
PDF (Español)576
Abstract
In the last 20 years China and Saudi Arabia have strengthened bilateral relations due to the necessity of increasing economic cooperation. The main purpose of this article is to examine the possibilities and limitations of the relation between these two countries. The analysis draws upon a neorealist vision in order to evaluate the manner in which changes in the system affected the relationship between both actors. It is argued that this relationship, far from representing a threat to the regional balance of power where the US is the main guarantor, has, in fact contributed to its maintenance. For this reason, we will likely see, in the future, more cooperation between China and Saudi Arabia, as well as more Chinese participation in the Middle East in general.
References
Acharya, Amitav, US Military Strategy in the Gulf: Origins and Evolution under the Carter and Reagan Administrations, Londres, Routledge, 1989.
Al Hakim, Hassan, The Foreign Policy of United Arab Emirates, Londres, Saqi Books, 1989.
Al Sugair, Khalid, “The Foreign Aid Program of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1973-1990”, tesis de doctorado, John Hopkins University, 1993.
Anguiano, Eugenio, “La Diplomacia de la República Popular China”, en Eugenio Anguiano (coord.), China Contemporánea: la construcción de un país (desde 1949), México, El Colegio de México, 2001, pp. 179-284.
Axelroad, Robert y Robert Keohane, “Achieving Cooperation Under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions”, en A. Baldwin (ed.), Neorrealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1993, pp. 85-115.
Baijia, Zhang, “An Outline History of China’s Foreign Policy in Evolution During the Period of Reforms and Expansion of International Ties (1992-2002)”, Far Eastern Affairs, vol. 31, núm. 4,2003, pp. 36-48.
Blumenthal, Daniel, “China and the Middle East: Providing Arms”, Middle East Quarterly, vol. 12, núm. 2, 2005, pp. 11-19.
Bull, Hedley, The Anarchical Society: A Study of World Politics, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1977, pp. 3-22.
Cobban, Helena, La organización para la liberación de Palestina, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1989.
Cheng, Joseph y Zhang Wankun, “Patterns and Dynamics of China’s International Strategic Behaviour”, en Zhao Suiheng (ed.), Chinese Foreign Policy: Pragmatism and Strategic Behavior, Nueva York, M. E. Sharpe, 2004, p. 240.
Cotrell, Alvin, The Persian Gulf States: A General Survey, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.
Esposito, John, Islam and Politics, Nueva York, Syracuse University Press, 1984.
Fairbank, John, China: A New History, Cambridge, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992.
Garver, John, China and Iran: Ancient Partners in a Post-Imperial World, Seattle-Londres, University of Washington Press, 2006.
Harsh, V. Pant, “Saudi Arabia Woos China and India”, Middle East Quarterly, vol. 13, núm. 3, 2006, pp. 45-52.
Hinebusch, Raymond, The International Politics of the Middle East, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2003.
Hongyi, Harry, “China’s Oil Diplomacy: is it a Global Security Threat?”, Third World Quarterly, vol. 28, núm. 3, 2007, pp. 519-537.
Huweidin, Bin, Muhammad, China Relations with Arabia and the Gulf (1949-1999), Londres, Routledge Curzon, 2002.
International Energy Administration, “Country Analysis Briefs”. [Consultado en: www.eia.doc.gov].
Khaduri, Majid y Edmund Gharee, War in the Gulf 1990-1991: The Irak-Kuwait Conflict and its Implications, Oxford-Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 1997.
Kerr, Malcolm, The Arab Cold War: Gamal ‘Abd al Nasir and his Rivals, 1958-1970, Nueva York, Oxford Press, 1978.
Kostiner, Joseph, The Making of Saudi Arabia 1916-1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993.
Kuniholm, Bruce, “Retrospect and Prospect: Forty Years of US Middle East Policy”, Middle East Journal, vol. 41, núm. 1, 1987, pp. 7-25.
Lam, Willy, “China’s Petroleum Diplomacy: Hu Jintao’s Biggest Challenge in Foreign and Security Policy”, en Gouguang Wu y Helen Landsdowne (eds.), China Turns to Multilateralism, Londres, Routledge, 2008, pp. 222-240.
Lei, Wu y Liu Xuejun, “China and the United States: Which threatens Energy Security?”, OPEC Review: Energy Economics and Issues Related, vol. 31, núm. 3, 2007, pp. 215-234.
Leverett, Flynt y Jeffrey Bader, “Managing China-US Energy Competition in the Middle East”, The Washington Quarterly, vol. 29, núm. 1, 2005, pp. 187-2001.
Lianxiang, Jin, “China and the Middle East: Energy First”, Middle East Quarterly, vol. 12, núm. 2, 2005, pp. 3-10.
López, Román, “El Consenso de la Política Exterior Norteamericana hacia las Monarquías del Golfo”, tesis de doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1996.
Milner, Helen, “The Assumptions of Anarchy in the International Relations Theory”, en David Baldwin (ed.), Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1993, pp. 143-169.
Ministry of Commerce of People Republic of China, “Total Import and Export Value by Country (Region) (2008/01-06)”. [Consultado el 14 de agosto de 2009 en: http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/statistic/ie/200901/20090105999718.html].
Mordechai, Abir, Government, Society and the Gulf Crisis, Londres, Routledge, 1993.
Niblock, Tim, Saudi Arabia, Londres, Routledge, 2008.
Peterson, John, Defending Arabia, Londres, Croom Helm, 1986.
Potter, Lawrence y Gary Sick, Security in the Persian Gulf: Origins, Obstacles and the Search for Consensus, Nueva York, Palgrave, 2002.
Rubin, Barry, “China’s Middle East Strategy”, Middle East Review of International Affairs, vol. 3, núm. 1, marzo de 1999. [Consultado el 11 de abril de 2006 en: http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue1/jv3n1a4.html].
Russell, Richard, “China WMD Foot in the Greater Middle East’s Door”, Middle East Review of International Affairs, vol. 9, núm. 3,2005. [Consultado el 11 de abril de 2006 en: http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2005/issue3a6.html].
Safran, Nadav, Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security, Cambridge, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1985.
Sadeb, Badeed, The Saudi-Egyptian Conflict over North Yemen, Boulder, Westview Press, 1986.
Salamé, Ghassan, “Islam and Politics in Saudi Arabia”, Arab Studies Quarterly, vol. 9, núm. 3, verano, 1993, pp. 306-325.
Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, 44th Annual Report, Riyadh, Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, 2009.
Schichor, Yitzhak, “Mountains out of Molehills: Arms Transfers in Sino Middle Eastern Relations en Middle East”, Review of International Affairs, vol. 4, núm. 3, septiembre de 2000. [Consultado el 11 de abril de 2006 en: http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2000/issue3/jv4n3a6.html].
Scott, David, China Stands Up: The PRC and the International System, Londres, Routledge, 2007.
Suiheng, Zhao (ed.), Chinese Foreign Policy: Pragmatism and Strategic Behavior, Nueva York, M. E. Sharpe, 2004.
____________, “Bejing’s Perception of the International System and Foreign Policy Adjustment in the Post-Cold War World”, Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, vol. 11, núm. 3, 1992, pp. 70-83.
Waltz, Kenneth, Realism and International Politics, Londres, Routledge, 2008.
____________, “Structural Realism after the Cold War”, International Security Journal, vol. 25, núm. 1, 2000, pp. 5-41.
____________, “Anarchic Orders and Balance of Power”, en Robert Keohane (ed.), Neorrealism and its Critics, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1986, pp. 98-130.
Xinbo, Wu, “Four Contradictions Constraining China’s Foreign Policy Behaviour”, en Zhao Suiheng (ed.), Chinese Foreign Policy: Pragmatism and Strategic Behavior, Nueva York, M. E. Sharpe, 2004, pp. 58-65.
Ziegler, Charles, “The Energy Factor in China’s Foreign Policy”, Journal of Chinese Political Science, vol. 11, núm. 1, verano, 2006, pp. 1-23.
Fuentes periódicas consultadas en internet:
Xinhua
Arab News
Al Sharq al Awsat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
Copyright 2022 Estudios de Asia y África