Keywords
Yangtze River
History
social aspects
environmental aspects
How to Cite
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Abstract714
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PDF (Español)2073
Abstract
La construcción de embalses data de fechas muy antiguas; comenzó desde hace 3 000 años en la Media luna fértil con el objetivo primario de servir como depósitos de agua, pero también para controlar inundaciones, irrigar tierras de cultivo y permitiro mejorar la navegación. Con la llegada de la Revolución industrial y con la tecnología para generar electricidad a partir del movimiento del agua, los humanos empezaron a construir grandes presas para obtener energía. Las primeras que incorporaron una central de energía eléctrica se construyeron a finales del siglo XIX en Europa occidental y en los Estados Unidos. La construcciónde embalses vivió una revolución durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en particular en la década de los setenta, así que para el año 2000 alrededor de 45 000 represas de gran capacidad y aproximadamente 800 000 pequeñas se habían construido en todo el mundo. En conjunto generan 19% de la electricidad mundial y suministran agua para 30 o 40% de las tierras de cultivos de riego.
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