Palabras clave
edomita
destrucción de Jerusalén
mito
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Resumen
En 586 a.n.e. el ejército babilónico de Nabucodonosor tomó la ciudad de Jerusalén, y el consiguiente saqueo, incendio y destrucción son aún recordados como el epítome de toda catástrofe nacional. La mayoría de los historiadores que han estudiado el tema, siguiendo lo relatado principalmente por las fuentes bíblicas, han cargado el peso de la culpa en los babilonios por la devastación de Jerusalén. Existen, sin embargo, algunos pasajes de la Biblia hebrea que aluden a una posible participación de los edomitas en estos sucesos. Un examen de las escasas fuentes a nuestra disposición demuestra que las acusaciones concernientes al accionar edomita no son contemporáneas a los hechos que pretenden describir, carecen de importantes detalles históricos y están llenas de una imaginería teatral producto de sus actitudes negativas hacia Edom. Es mi intención sugerir que la creencia de la participación edomita en la caída de Jerusalén y en la destrucción del templo de Yahvé es un caso de lo que se conoce como las tradiciones de la “puñalada por la espalda”, tan comunes en las sociedades modernas derrotadas.
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