Palabras clave
nacionalismo económico
inversión extranjera
globalización
empresas coreanas
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Resumen
El artículo analiza el tema del nacionalismo económico en Corea como un fenómeno vigente, aunque transformado con respecto al periodo de modernización capitalista e industrialización poscolonial (décadas de 1950-1970). Se hace énfasis en las políticas del gobierno en relación al capital extranjero en la forma de inversión directa. Se argumenta que el acotamiento de la actividad de empresas extranjeras en la economía coreana fue sustentado por marcos institucionales formales e informales que fortalecieron los sentimientos nacionalistas tanto de la burocracia como del sector empresarial. El propósito de fomentar y mantener industrias nacionales fuertes y competitivas no fue modificado sustancialmente, incluso durante el periodo de liberalización económica y ajuste estructural entre los años de 1980 a 1997. Sin embargo, aunque la crisis de 1997 puso en evidencia las dificultades para alinear los cambios institucionales formales con las preferencias de autonomía, el nacionalismo económico estuvo presente. La lectura de esta situación debe replantear las formas para comprender la relación gobierno-empresas, así como de la participación gubernamental para fomentar la competitividad de las compañías coreanas, a nivel regional e internacional.Referencias
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