Palabras clave
antiguo Israel
orientalismo
historia de Palestina
Biblia
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Resumen603
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Resumen
Tanto el concepto de “antiguo Oriente” como el de “antiguo Israel” son construcciones historiográficas occidentales, ancladas en el tenor de la historiografía europea del siglo XIX. Dicha terminología y el carácter histórico que denota (evolutivo y progresivo en una línea de continuidad, antes que descriptivo y analítico en sus propios términos y situaciones históricas), genera obstáculos interpretativos para una historia crítica de la antigüedad cercano-oriental si su utilización no es problematizada. Una perspectiva interpretativa crítica tanto de la historiografía previa como de su metodología llama a deconstruir la matriz cultural de dichos conceptos y a reconstruir los procesos históricos a partir de las fuentes primarias (arqueología, epigrafía) antes que sobre la base de las fuentes secundarias (la Biblia, o en otros términos el Antiguo Testamento), habilitando en última instancia una historia propiamente crítica de la antigua Palestina que reemplace las historias del “antiguo Israel” en tanto basadas en paradigmas historiográficos obsoletos.
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